In this post i would like to establish the fact that the bantu branch of africans, generally concentrated in subsaharan part of the continent, and their related family branches are actually descendants of the hebrew israelites. The bantu expansion is a major series of migrations of the original proto bantu language speaking group, who spread from an original nucleus around west africacentral africa across much of subsaharan africa. Somali migration from the north horn to the south of the country, have. Early african societies and the bantu migrations early agricultural society in africa egypt was the most prominent of early african societies, but it was by no means the only agricultural society, nor even the only complex, citybased society of ancient africa. Linguistic ties between ancient egyptian and bantu x not generally the case in the ancient egyptian language. The bantu language most often taught in american universities is swahili, but there are many others. The origins of crossborder migration in southern africa the southern african migration project has conducted nationally representative migration surveys in botswana, lesotho, mozambique, namibia and zimbabwe to. The bantu are said to have originated from somewhere in the congo region of central africa and spread rapidly to the southern and eastern africa. African societies and early bantu migrations flashcards. Report of the african and afrodescendant civil society on. By the eight century, bantu speaking people had reached east africa.
Examine how they influenced africa with their language and culture. When the migrations were over they or their descendants populated the southern third of the continent. The primary evidence for this expansion has been linguistic, namely that the languages spoken in subequatorial africa are remarkably similar to each other. Bantu languages still widely used even by those who dissent strongly fiom his methods and conclusions. African cultural characteristics certain common features show an underlying cultural unity some scholars have called africanity one common cultural feature concept of kingship kings ritually isolated people arranged in age groups and kinship divisions cultivation with the hoe and digging stick use of rhythm in music functions of dancing and mask wearing in. Left their farming and fishing environment in west africa to follow the congo. Africatoeurope migration cuts a picture little different. Dec 06, 2017 bantu migrations and establishment of subsaharan states 4. Climatic change and the development of agriculture in africa.
The ability of the bantu speaking people to unite under the bantu identity as they migrated despite the multilingual composition led to their great influence on the continent. Linguistically, these languages belong to the southern bantoid branch of benuecongo, one of the language families grouped within the nigercongo phylum. African cultural characteristics certain common features show an underlying cultural unity some scholars have called africanity one common cultural feature concept of kingship kings ritually isolated people arranged in age groups and kinship divisions cultivation with the hoe and digging stick use of rhythm in music. Teach your students about ancient west africa and the bantu migrations with this lesson plan. The bantu migration being the largest migration in history, influenced two thirds of african language. Using data from a vast genomic analysis of more than 2,000 samples taken from individuals in 57 populations throughout subsaharan africa. Recently named the anthropocene by some scientists. The migration of the bantu people from their origins in southern west africa saw a gradual population movement sweep through the central. Their movements are called migrations their large scale movements over long. Many human inhabitants of the region lived by hunting. The bantu people ago, speakers of the bantu farmed along the than three thousand years ago. Bantu migrations the bantu migration was one of the first major events in african history.
The original homeland of the bantu people was in the area on the border of modern nigeria and cameroon. There was a difference between the rich and poor, as well as with men and women. The bantu migrations had a vast influence on the development of africa. What were the causes and effects of bantu migrations. Changes in climate, technology, and culture were the driving forces behind the migration of peoples throughout the world. These changes came about as a result of human migra. They moved due to the fear of famine, which broke out due to overcrowding and drought. The bantu expansion, or a postulated millennialong series of migrations of speakers of the original protobantu language group, originated from the adjoining regions of cameroon and nigeria about 3,000 years. The chronological evidence for the introduction of. The bantu expansion, or a postulated millennialong series of migrations of speakers of the original proto bantu language group, originated from the adjoining regions of cameroon and nigeria about 3,000 years ago, eventually reaching south africa around 300 ce. Feb 12, 2017 the neolithic revolution began with the end of the latest ice age. Bantu migrations free zimsec revision notes and past exam. The most obvious among such effects is that they led to the settlement and increased the population of eastern, central, and southern uganda.
Bantu migrations produced a great diversity of cultures, language had a unifying influence on the continent. The bantu speaking peoples migrated from western africa near modernday nigeria southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half of the african continent. The northern boundary of the bantu languages passes roughly along the 5 n lat. In the next section, you will see how cultures on the east coast of africa experienced growth and change. These migrations, each of which may originally have numbered only a few hundred people, continued over hundreds of years. In the process, the protobantuspeaking settlers displaced or absorbed preexisting huntergatherer and pastoralist groups that they encountered. The bantu laid the foundation for subsaharan african. Chapter 3 early african societies and the bantu migrations 61 sahara to the north and the tropical rain forest to the south. E by the eighth century, bantuspeaking people had reached east africa. Early african societies and the bantu migrations chapter outline i. Unearthing apartheid in the horn of africa find, read and cite all the. If you do, markcircle them to find them more easily. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Reasons for the bantu migration the reasons for the migration of the bantu are not known but they most likely included the following.
Climatic change and the development of agriculture in africa 1. Bantu migration article about bantu migration by the. The bantu migrations probably originated in the area of presentday nigeria. The bantu expansion is a major series of migrations of the original protobantu language speaking group, who spread from an original nucleus around west africacentral africa across much of subsaharan africa. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, mf asiegbu and others published african migrants in spite of fortress europe. Brief history of the bantu migration into south africa the great southward bantu migration in africa took place in subsaharan africa south of the sahara desert, over some 2,000 years. About 3,000 years language began to migrate south and east.
The iron smelting prowess of the bantu speaking people led to advancement of. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. Pull factors why people might be attracted to a new place. Revising the bantu tree american museum of natural history. There are several groups speaking different bantu languages. They are also credited with introducing iron working in uganda. The great southward bantu migration in africa took place in subsaharan africa south of the sahara desert, over some 2,000 years. Moving along how the bantu people surged across twothirds of africa humans didnt only leave africathey moved around within the continent, too. A member of any of a large number of linguistically related peoples of central and southern africa. The bantuspeaking peoples migrated from western africa near modernday nigeria southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half of the african continent. The neolithic revolution began with the end of the latest ice age. Using data from a vast genomic analysis of more than 2,000 samples taken from individuals in 57 populations throughout sub. Western bantu expansion volume 25 issue 2 jan vansina.
The pygmies, short brownskinned people, inhabited central africa, and were among the last purely hunting societies remaining after the bantu migrations. The bantu expansion an overview for college students the word bantu the word bantu which means people in many bantu languages refers to a group of about 500 african languages and to their speakers, today numbering about 90 million people. Bantu migration theory definition of bantu migration. Identifying the bantu as the descendants of the israelites extremely important. The bantu migration, or bantu expansion, was a series of migrations of the bantu people from the congo area to present day kenya, uganda, and tanzania. Bantu are the speakers of bantu languages, comprising several hundred indigenous ethnic groups in subsaharan africa, spread over a vast area from central africa across the african great lakes to southern africa. The bantu are a group of about 300400 enthinic groups from central and southern africa. Check to make sure you have all main ideas that are underlined in your notes. The bantu migration refers to the geographic spreading over africa, from a. If we consider word stems in bantu languages, what one observes is that each word consists of an. Molecular perspectives on the bantu expansion royal museum for. Originating from nigeria in the niger river valley, the bantu migrated south and then spread to both the east and west.
The bantu peoples passed on many concepts to the rest of subsaharan africa. The bantu were the first to develop language and provide historians with an idea about africas. The term bantu migrations refers to the ongoing yet gradual process of cultural spread in subsaharan africa which were most active during the period from 4000 bce ce. The bantu migration was one of the first formative events in african history.
The diffusion of kiswahili, a bantu language, has actually led to the emergence. Causes and effects of human migration article khan academy. How the bantu people surged across twothirds of africa. Evidence suggests that the bantu people spread out toward the east and the south through a series of migrations over the period of the first millennium c. Bantu migration theory synonyms, bantu migration theory pronunciation, bantu migration theory translation, english dictionary definition of bantu migration theory.
Iron tools enabled the bantu to clear land and expand the zone of agriculture more efficiently than before. Bantu speaking peoples massive migrations early africans made some of the greatest migrations in history. The bantu people were a massively widespread group who we believe to h. Most likely were driven by population pressures, caused in part by the arrival of migrants from the increasingly arid conditions of the sahara. In the pacific, the people, plants, and animals living on the many islands are the result of earlier migrations. Some scholars believed that merchants from north africa introduced iron metallurgy but others argues that the bantu people independently discovered how to smelt iron. Why were the bantu migrations so important to the cultural. The bantu includes groups like the baganda, banyoro, batoru of uganda, akamba, kikuyu and many others. Populations grew faster than before and people were encroaching on each others land.
Causes and effects of human migration migration is the movement of people from one place to another with the intent to settle. Pdf on apr 1, 2008, mohamed eno and others published the bantu jareer somalis. Their lives might be in danger it might be hard to make a living. The bantu expansion is a postulated series of major migrations of the supposed original. New developments in the classification of bantu languages. Bantu migrations causes of migrations causes of migrations generic examples of causes of migrations generic global effects of migrations environmental changes shift in climate, depletion of natural resources, drought, earthquake redistribution of worlds population, blending of cultures economic pressures increasing population, famine, loss. Bantu migrations are believed to have been caused by the use of iron.
The bantu migration is the movement of the bantu people, originally from congo, into other countries of eastern and southern africa such as tanzania and kenya. Effects of the bantu migration the coming of the bantu to uganda had many effects. Fos reasons thkat are still unclear, guthbe 696971,6970 favoured a region in the southeast of the congo. Bantu migration article about bantu migration by the free. Learn about the ancient bantu people and their migrations. Left their farming and fishing environment in west africa to follow the congo river and cultivate the lands bordering the. Early african societies and the bantu migrations youtube. The following effects resulted from the bantu migration to the south. The bantu branch of africans are hebrew israelites part. Sahara region used to be grassy steppe lands with water 10,000 b. Attempts to trace the began about three thousand years ago, with one stream reconstruct both material culture elements, new crops originally lived in west africa. Origin bantu is a common term used to refer to the over 400 different ethnic groups of africa stretching from south of the sahara desert to south africa that have similar languages and to some extent customs. The spread in the use of iron technology and knowledge. Bantu migrations and establishment of subsaharan states 4.
A video lesson is used to explore the migration of these people and what they spread along the way. In the case of bantuspeakers in africa, there was plenty of land to expand into, but they had to push out other groups already living there. During a wave of expansion that began 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, bantuspeaking populations today some 310 million people gradually left their original homeland of westcentral africa and traveled to the eastern and southern regions of the continent. Its necessary to understand this if you want to understand how modern africa came to be. Bantu migrations free zimsec revision notes and past.
The bantu inhabit most of the continent s of the congo river except the extreme southwest. With the development of the iron blade, reaping became easier for the bantu people and agriculture took on a whole new meaning. The bantu expansion is the name for a postulated millennialong series of migrations of speakers of the original proto bantu language group. The climate in their cradle land had become unreliableunpredictable. Push factors why people might want to leave one place. Today, more than one half of the population of uganda are bantu.
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